Food Choice Motives, Physical Activity Level and Body Mass Index Status Among Undergraduates Students: A Cross-sectional Study

@#Introduction: University students had high risk of unhealthy lifestyle habits such as being sedentary and having poor dietary choices due to higher cost of healthy food and the wide availability of fast food. These may contribute to overweight, obesity and co-morbidities. The aim of the study was to determine the association of food choices motives, physical activity (PA) level and body mass index status among undergraduates in Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods: A total of 125 undergraduate students were recruited. Self-reported online questionnaire was administered to obtain information about sociodemographic information, anthropometric measurements, food choice motives using Food Choices Questionnaire and physical activity using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. The association between food choice motive, PA and body mass index was assessed using Spearman correlation and Fisher`s Exact Test. Results: The three most important food choice motives are religion, price and sensory appeal. A total of 16% of the subjects were underweight, 19.2% were overweight and 11.2% were obese. 21.6% of the students had low PA level. There was significant inverse association between sensory appeal and BMI (p = 0.002, r = - 0.269). Physical activity was not significantly different between BMI categories. Conclusion: Those who have lower BMI reported to have greater sensory appeal, but association between PA and body mass index had no significant difference. Future studies are required for understanding the direct impact of food choice motives on dietary quality and its association with PA motivation and BMI status for reducing the prevalence of obesity among undergraduates.

The Reference Values for Muscle Mass and Strength in Healthy Indian Adults Using Whole-Body Potassium Counter and Isokinetic Dynamometer

The study aims to define the sex‑based reference data for muscle mass and strength among healthy young Indians and to compare the data from the present study with available literature. Healthy Indian adults (n = 100) aged between 18 and 40 years were recruited. The assessment of muscle mass and strength was performed. The body cell mass (BCM), fat‑free mass, and muscle strength parameters were significantly higher among males compared to females (P < 0.001). A comparison of the current study data with the available literature showed that though BCM was comparable, Indians demonstrated a significantly lower isometric peak torque (P < 0.001 for both sexes). These findings suggest that Indians tend to have a lower muscle strength compared to the Western population, despite having a comparable BCM content.

Evaluation of muscle activity level in the lower extremities during various steps used in aerobic dance exercise / 体力科学

To create a safe and effective aerobic dance exercise (ADE) program, the intensity, and difficulty level of each step, and muscle activation during the program must be considered. This study evaluated the muscle activity levels of the lower extremities when major ADE movements were repeated at a fixed speed. The subjects were seven females 21-22 years old who were familiar with the ADE movements. Eleven low impact steps and nine high impact steps representative of the ADE movements were selected, and while the movements were performed, the surface electromyograms (EMG) of six muscles in the lower extremities were measured using a telemeter electromyograph. The EMG data for 10 cycles of each step were full wave rectified and integrated. Then, the average value per unit time was calculated, and normalized (%EMGmax) by the EMG integral value during isometric maximum voluntary contraction (EMGmax). The EMGmax was measured for each of the six muscles to evaluate the muscle activity level, and determine which muscles were activated at higher or lower levels in response to the specific steps. The highest levels of total muscle activity detected in the six muscles were for: double hop, jumping jack, and pendulum. The results of this study may help create ADE programs that consider the differences in muscle activation in the lower extremities.

Nivel de actividad física en universitarios de Popayán, Colombia / Physical activity levels among university students from Popayán, Colombia

Introducción: Los universitarios son una población que está inmersa en múltiples actividades, por tanto, conocer el nivel de actividad física permite identificar factores de riesgo en la salud, además de generar un diagnóstico para generar programas de intervención institucionales. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de actividad física de los universitarios de la Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal, con una muestra de 1 .029 universitarios, se aplicó una encuesta de caracterización y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física en su versión corta. El análisis estadístico se realizó en el software SPSS V.23.0, se aplicaron medidas de tendencia central, de dispersión y de distribución y el chi-cuadrado de Pearson para determinar relación entre variables. Resultados: Se encontró que el 77,2 por ciento de la población tienen un nivel de actividad física entre moderado y bajo, además que existe una relación entre las variables nivel de actividad física y sexo (p = 0,000). Conclusión: Se evidenció que la mayoría de los universitarios realiza actividad física moderada, pero que también presenta conductas sedentarias situación que genera factores de riesgo en la salud, al no realizar la actividad física suficiente para generar factores protectivos a nivel cardiovascular(AU)

Introduction: University students are a population involved in a large number of activities. Therefore, awareness of their physical activity levels makes it possible to identify health risk factors and develop a diagnosis leading to the creation of institutional intervention programs. Objective: Determine the physical activity levels of students from the Autonomous University Corporation of the Cauca Region. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was conducted of a sample of 1 029 university students, based on application of a characterization survey and the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were processed with the statistical software SPSS version 23.0. Use was made of measures of central tendency, dispersion and distribution, and Pearson's chi-squared test to determine the relationship between variables. Results: It was found that in 77.2 percent of the study population physical activity is moderate to low, and there is a relationship between the variables physical activity level and gender (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Physical activity is moderate in most university students, though evidence was also found of sedentary behavior, a situation leading to health risk factors, since not enough physical activity is performed to create cardiovascular protective factors(AU)

Capacidade de exercício e nível de atividade física diária de crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística: associação com estado nutricional, função pulmonar, hospitalização e uso de antibióticos / Capacidad de ejercicio y nivel de actividad física diaria de niños y adolescentes con fibrosis quística: asociación con estado nutricional, función pulmonar, hospitalización y uso de antibióticos / Exercise capacity and daily physical activity levels in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: association with nutritional status, lung function, hospitalization and antibiotic use

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a capacidade de exercício e nível de atividade física diária de crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística e associar com estado nutricional, função pulmonar, tempo de hospitalização e uso de antibióticos. Trata-se de estudo transversal em indivíduos com fibrose cística entre 6 e 18 anos, registrando-se informações sobre perfil clínico, histórico de hospitalizações e uso de antibióticos. Os participantes foram submetidos à espirometria, bioimpedância, avaliação da capacidade de exercício com teste de Shuttle modificado (MST), o nível da atividade física foi medido por meio do questionário internacional de atividade física (IPAQ) e usando acelerômetro por 5 dias. Participaram 30 indivíduos com idade de 11,2 ± 3,6 anos e volume expirado forçado (VEF1) de 68,0 ± 24,8%. A mediana da distância percorrida no MST foi de 820 metros (66,3%) e demonstrou associação com a função pulmonar (r = 0,78), estado nutricional (r = 0,38), tempo de hospitalização (r = -0,42) e uso de antibióticos (r = -0,46). De acordo com o questionário, 20 pacientes (64,6%) foram classificados como sedentários, o acelerômetro revelou que os indivíduos passam 354,2 minutos em atividades sedentárias e apenas 14,9 minutos em atividades moderadas a vigorosas por dia. Quanto maior a porcentagem de tempo em atividade física moderada a vigorosa, maior o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e menor o tempo de hospitalização. Assim, a capacidade de exercício e nível de atividade física em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística apresentou-se reduzida e associada com menores valores de IMC e aumento do tempo de hospitalização.

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de ejercicio y el nivel de actividad física diaria de los niños y adolescentes con fibrosis quística, así como asociarlos con el estado nutricional, la función pulmonar, la duración de la permanencia hospitalaria y el uso de antibióticos. Este es un estudio transversal realizado con individuos con fibrosis quística con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 18 años, y que registra información sobre el perfil clínico, los antecedentes de hospitalizaciones y el uso de antibióticos. Los participantes se sometieron a la espirometría, la bioimpedancia, la evaluación de la capacidad de ejercicio con la prueba de Shuttle modificada (MST); para medir el nivel de actividad física se aplicó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) y el uso del acelerómetro durante 5 días. Participaron 30 personas de entre 11,2 ± 3,6 años de edad y volumen espirado forzado (VEF1) de 68,0 ± 24,8%. La mediana de la distancia recorrida en el MST fue de 820 metros (66,3%) y se mostró asociación con la función pulmonar (r=0,78), el estado nutricional (r=0,38), la duración de la permanencia hospitalaria (r=-0,42) y el uso de antibióticos (r=-0,46). El cuestionario reveló que 20 pacientes (64,6%) estaban sedentarios, y el acelerómetro evidenció que ellos pasan 354,2 minutos en actividades sedentarias y solo 14,9 minutos en actividades moderadas a intensas al día. Cuanto mayor sea el porcentaje de tiempo dedicado a la actividad física moderada a intensa, mayor será el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y menor la duración de la permanencia hospitalaria. Por lo tanto, la capacidad de ejercicio y el nivel de actividad física de niños y adolescentes con fibrosis quística fueron menores y están asociadas con bajos valores de IMC y con una permanencia hospitalaria más prolongada.

ABSTRACT To evaluate the exercise capacity and daily physical activity level among children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis, and its association with nutritional status, lung function, hospitalization time, and days taking antibiotics. This is a cross-sectional study in individuals with cystic fibrosis aged 6 to 18 years. Information on clinical profile, history of hospitalizations and antibiotic use were collected. Participants were submitted to spirometry, bioimpedance, and an assessment of exercise capacity with modified shuttle test (MST), and the level of physical activity was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) using an accelerometer for 5 days. In total, 30 individuals participated, aged 11.2±3.6 years, and 68.0±24.8% in forced expired volume in the first second (FEV1). The median distance covered in the MST was 820 meters (66.3%), showing association with lung function (r=0.78), nutritional status (r=0.38), hospitalization time (r=-0.42) and antibiotic use (r=-0.46). According to the questionnaire, 20 patients (64.6%) were classified as sedentary, the accelerometer revealed that the individuals spend 354.2 minutes in sedentary activities and only 14.9 minutes in moderate to vigorous activities per day. The higher the percentage of time in moderate to vigorous physical activity, the higher the body mass index (BMI) and the shorter the hospitalization time. Exercise capacity and level of physical activity in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis is reduced and associated with lower BMI values and with an increase in hospitalization time.

Football society players over the age of 55: how stressful can a match be?

This study aimed atassessingthe physical activitylevel, heart rate and the salivary cortisol level of football society players.The sample consisted of 19 male mastersfootballplayerswith an average age of 56.7±3.9 years. The long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)andPolar®heart rate monitors were usedas instruments, in additionto Salivette® tubes to measure salivary cortisol. Data analysis was performed by using the repeated measuresAnalysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoctest,and Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient. The results showed that the salivary cortisol concentration indicated an index of 1.97 ng/ml at the beginning of the match;40 minutes after that thesevalues increased to 8.00 ng/ml,and 60 minutesafter the match had started they reached 8.40 ng/ml. Considering the post-match moment, a moderate and positive correlation between the salivary cortisol concentration and heart rate (averageand maximum) wasseen. In conclusion,the physical effort expended during football Society practice needs to be monitored due to the high heart rate and high increase in the salivary cortisol concentrationofthis age group.

The assessment of pain, flexibility and daily activity level in the patients who had facet tropism

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis(VKC)is a chronic bilateral inflammation of the conjunctiva, commonly associated with a personal or family history of atopy. It is characterized by severe itching, foreign body sensation, thick ropy discharge, photophobia and conjunctival injection. VKC has palpebral, limbal and mixed forms. The classical conjunctival sign in palpebral VKC is the presence of giant papillae, which are predominantly seen on the superior tarsal conjunctiva. The limbal form occurs in dark skinned individuals and the papillae tend to occur at the limbus and have a thick gelatinous appearance. Clinical findings and laboratory investigations support the presence of IgE mediated type1 hypersensitivity reaction. Involvement of CD4 T helper (Th2) driven type IV hypersensitivity has also been confirmed. There has been an increase in the prevalence of allergic disorders in recent years and exaggerated manifestations of these diseases have been recognized in patients living with Human immunodeficiency virus

Relationship Between Medical Leaves Due to Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Activity Level in Workers at Cement Industry-Iran 2019

@#Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common debilitating causes in workers and the main reason for medical leaves. Medial leave brings health, social, and economic consequences for individuals and society. The relationship between medical leaves due to pain and discomfort in different parts of the body and physical activity level at work, practice of sport, and leisure time in workers in cement industry in 2019 was examined. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 150 workers of a cement factory. The participants were selected randomly. Data gathering tools were demographics form, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS (v.22). Results: The participants noted that the main painful areas over the past year were the waist, knee, ankle, and neck. There was a significant relationship between medical leave due to pain in the neck and overtime work. There was a significant relationship between the type of work activity and medical leave due to a pain in knee and ankle. Conclusion: The workers who used such medical leaves had a higher PAL at work. PAL at work increased the requests of medical leaves due to the pain in knee and waist. The PAL at sport practice decreased the rate of request for medical leave due to a pain in the Waist and Knee.

Progress in targeted therapy of tumor KRAS gene mutation / 中国药理学通报

Targeting KRAS mutations has always been a difficult issue in clinical tumor therapy as most tumors are accompanied by KRAS gene mutations, which indicate poor prognosis. The mutant KRAS protein is difficult to design specific inhibitors in the conventional way of inhibiting the active sites, which is known as "undmggble" target. Therefore, the exploration of drug strategies targeting KRAS mutations has become a hot spot in the research and development of antitumor drugs. Although the research progress of targeted KRAS treatment strategy is limited, some new strategies that directly or indirectly inhibit mutant KRAS are still emerging in view of the deepening understanding of KRAS mutation function and malignant mechanism. In this review, we discussed the research progress of targeted therapy for KRAS gene mutation in tumor, hoping to provide the latest clues for the treatment of KRAS mutant tumor.

Determinants and prediction methods of total energy expenditure – efforts at National Institute of Health and Nutrition in Japan – / 体力科学

The National Institute of Health and Nutrition, as a part of the National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition at present, has put emphasis on energy metabolism research since its establishment in 1920. After 2000, the National Institute of Health and Nutrition introduced doubly labeled water method and human calorimeters and has also contributed to the establishment of energy requirements in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese. Inter-individual differences in physical activity level are large and difficult to accurately evaluate. Therefore, various studies have been conducted using not only subjective methods such as questionnaire but also objective methods such as accelerometry. Moreover, determinants of total energy expenditure and physical activity have been investigated, including comparison of physical activity level between normal-weight and obese adults. New evidences on contribution of brown adipose tissue activity and diseases on energy metabolism have been obtained. In the near future, research to elucidate the mechanism of energy balance, more accurate and variety of assessment of physical activity, and examination from the viewpoints of chrono-nutrition and chrono-exercise are expected.

Estimation of energy expenditure in people with physical impairments / 体力科学

The scarce evidence on dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for people with physical impairments has made estimation of total energy expenditure (TEE) and nutritional requirements difficult. The first reason for this difficulty is that estimating basal metabolic rate (BMR) or resting energy expenditure (REE) is challenging. The second reason is the difficulty of estimating body composition, which is useful for calculating BMR, and the third reason is the difficulty of estimating physical activity level. The reason for all these difficulties is that DRIs applies to all types of physical disabilities. Thus, it turns out to be unenviable for planning nutritional programs and evaluating physical impairments. However, notable references are available on energy requirements not only for the corresponding health maintenance and promotional information for preventing physical impairments caused by lifestyle diseases in middle and old age but also for improving performance of Paralympic athletes. This review article focuses on the estimation of the energy requirements for people with physical impairments and discusses the possibilities and limitations of methods.

Nivel de actividad física en niños de edades de 6 a 12 años en algunos colegios de Barranquilla-Colombia, en el año 2014-2015 / Physical activity level in children 6 to 12 years in several Barranquilla ­ Colombia schools, in 2014-2015

Promover la actividad física es una estrategia esencial para mantener la salud y prevenir la enfermedad en la población global. La promoción de los estilos de vida saludable con énfasis en la actividad física en edades tempranas aprovechando el ámbito escolar favorecerá la adopción de los estilos de vida saludable y garantizará la salud del adulto futuro. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar el nivel de actividad física en población escolar. Metodologia: es un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, el instrumento para recolección de la información fuè el PAQ-C, se le aplicò a una muestra de 247 escolares en edades comprendidas entre 6 y 12 años. Los resultados indican que la población practica actividad física.

Promoting physical activity is an essential strategy for maintaining health and preventing disease in the global population. The promotion of healthy lifestyles with emphasis on physical activity at an early age, taking advantage of the school environment will favor the adoption of healthy lifestyles and will guarantee the health of the future adult. The aim of the present study was to characterize the level of physical activity in the school population. Methodology: a cross-sectional descriptive study, the instrument for data collection was PAQ-C, it was applied to a sample of 247 students aged between 6 and 12 years. The results indicate that the population practices physical activity.

Poor muscle strength and function in physically inactive childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus despite very mild disease / Redução na força muscular e capacidade funcional em pacientes fisicamente inativos com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico de início juvenil, apesar de doença muito leve

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare muscle strength (i.e. lower- and upper-body strength) and function between physically inactive childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients (C-SLE) and healthy controls (CTRL). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and the sample consisted of 19 C-SLE (age between 9 and 18 years) and 15 CTRL matched by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity levels (assessed by accelerometry). Lower- and upper-body strength was assessed by the one-repetition-maximum (1-RM) test. Isometric strength was assessed through a handgrip dynamometer. Muscle function was evaluated by the timed-stands test (TST) and the timed-up-and-go test (TUG). Results: When compared with CTRL, C-SLE showed lower leg-press and bench-press 1-RM (p = 0.026 and p = 0.008, respectively), and a tendency toward lower handgrip strength (p = 0.052). C-SLE showed lower TST scores (p = 0.036) and a tendency toward higher TUG scores (p = 0.070) when compared with CTRL. Conclusion: Physically inactive C-SLE patients with very mild disease showed reduced muscle strength and functionality when compared with healthy controls matched by physical activity levels. These findings suggest C-SLE patients may greatly suffer from a physically inactive lifestyle than healthy controls do. Moreover, some sub-clinical “residual” effect of the disease or its pharmacological treatment seems to affect C-SLE patients even with a well-controlled disease.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a força muscular (ou seja, a força muscular dos membros superiores e inferiores) e a capacidade funcional de pacientes fisicamente inativos com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico de início juvenil (LESJ) com controles saudáveis (CTRL). Métodos: Estudo transversal cuja amostra foi composta por 19 pacientes com LESJ (entre 9 e 18 anos) e 15 CTRL pareados por idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e nível de atividade física (avaliada através do uso de acelerômetros). A força dos membros superiores e inferiores foi avaliada pelo teste de uma repetição máxima (1-RM). A força isométrica foi avaliada através do uso de um dinamômetro. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada pelo Timed-stands test (TST) e Timed-up-and-go test (TUG). Resultados: Quando comparados com os CTRL, os pacientes com LESJ apresentaram menor força em 1-RM no Leg press e supino (p = 0,026 e p = 0,008, respectivamente) e uma tendência a menor força de preensão manual (p = 0,052). Os pacientes com LESJ apresentaram menores escores no TST (p = 0,036) e uma tendência a maior pontuação no TUG (p = 0,070), quando comparados com o grupo CTRL. Conclusão Pacientes com LESJ, fisicamente inativos, com doença muito leve mostraram redução na força muscular e capacidade funcional quando comparados com controles saudáveis pareados por níveis de atividade física. Esses achados sugerem que pacientes com LESJ podem apresentar mais efeitos deletérios por manter um estilo de vida fisicamente inativo do que controles saudáveis. Além disso, alguns efeitos “residuais” subclínicos da doença ou do tratamento farmacológico parecem afetar pacientes com LESJ, mesmo com uma doença bem controlada.

Mid-and long-term efficacy of ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty in younger patients / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To evaluate the mid-and long-term clinic results of ceramic-on-ceramic joint in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in younger patients.Methods A retrospective review was made on 72 younger patients who had THA with ceramic-on-ceramic bearings due to femoral head necrosis or inborn hip dysplasia between March 2001 and March 2011.There were 32 females and 40 males,at a mean age of (35.2 ± 7.6)years (range,17-45 years).Patients were evaluated with Harris hip score and University of California,Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score.Radiological findings were recorded including component loosening,ostelysis,and ceramic bearing related complications.Results Duration of followup was (8.5 ±2.4) years (range,5-12 months).At the final follow-up,Harris hip score was increased to (93.8 ±4.3)points (range,85-100 points) compared to preoperative (46.1 ± 12.3) points (range,27-70 points) and UCLA activity score was increased to (7.1 ± 1.4)points (range,4-10 points) compared to preoperative (4.0 ± 1.2) points (range,2-6 points) (P ＜ 0.05).At the final follow-up,no osteolysis or prosthesis loosening occurred,but there were ceramic sandwich liner fractures in two patients (two hips),dislocation in one patient (one hip) and squeaking in one patient (one hip).After revision due to the ceramics break,the 8-year survival rate was 97％ (95％ CI91.9-100.0).Conclusion Ceramicon-ceramic joint in THA satisfies the activity demand in younger patients,with excellent mid-and longterm clinical results.

Assessment of physical activity level among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the UP-Philippine General Hospital diabetes clinic / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Physical activity is an important factor in reducing morbidity from type 2 diabetes mellitus and maintaining quality of life. There is no available data on physical activity among Filipino patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.<br /><strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> The objectives are to assess the physical activity level of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the UP-PGH Diabetes Clinic using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and to determine the relationship between physical activity, health profiles and socio-demographic characteristics.<br /><strong>METHODOLOGY:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the physical activity levels of 151 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (46 men and 105 women) using GPAQ. Anthropometric measurements, socio-demographic profiles and HbA1c were also taken.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Majority of subjects had moderate to high physical activity (68.9%) and most of the patients had poor glycemic control based on HbA1c of ?7% (68.2%). Subjects aged 60 years and above (68.1%; p=0.022) and with poor glycemic control (89.4%; p=<0.001) had low physical activity level. There is no significant statistical correlation between physical activity, anthropometric profile and other socio-demographic characteristics.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Majority of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the UP-PGH Diabetes Clinic had moderate to high physical activity level. Subjects with poor glycemic control and older age group were associated with low physical activity.<strong><br /></strong></p>

Assessment of Pedometer Counts, Physical Activity Level, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance of Weekdays and Weekend in Male High School S tudents

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical activity and energy balance of weekdays and weekend in male high school students. Fifty healthy male high school students participated in this study. Anthropometric data were collected. Physical activity level (PAL) and energy intake for weekdays and weekend were calculated from a physical activity diary and food diary using the 24-hour recall method and interview. The resting metabolic rate (RMR) and estimated energy requirement (EER) were calculated from the prediction equations suggested in 2015 KDRIs. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated by multiplying RMR by PAL. Mean age of subjects was 15.9±0.33 years. The daily pedometer counts were significantly higher in the weekdays (12,837 steps) than in weekend (6,661 steps) (P<0.001). The PAL of the weekdays (1.63±0.17) was significantly higher than that (1.37±0.26) of the weekend (P<0.001). PAL was significantly correlated with pedometer counts on the weekdays (r=0.495) and weekend (r=0.686). The total energy intakes (2,847.2±681.5 kcal) and TEE (3,046.3±437.3 kcal) of weekdays were significantly higher than those of the weekend. The results of this study would be useful to develop nutrition and exercise programs for male high school students on weekdays and weekend, respectively.

Diferencias en la masa muscular y el nivel de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios, según año de ingreso / Differences in muscle mass and level of physical activity in college students by year of entry

En el presente estudio, se determinó el nivel de masa muscular (MM) en estudiantes universitarios de distintas carreras y año de ingreso, utilizando método de bioimpedancia y antropometría básica (peso y talla) para determinar la composición corporal. Con el fin de comparar en que año los estudiantes presentan un mayor deterioro de la MM. En relación a la MM; está cumple un rol importante en el desarrollo físico de los estudiantes, considerando que el musculo esquelético es el responsable de la postura y los movimientos del esqueleto. Para medir el nivel de actividad física (NAF) se utilizó el cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ,) el cual ha sido utilizado en diversos estudios internacionales y se ha evaluado su validez y confiabilidad sugiriéndose su uso en diferentes países e idiomas. La distribución de este componente entre los grupos evaluados demostró que a pesar de existir un nivel “moderado” NAF el nivel de la MM no es el óptimo para personas de esos grupos etarios. Se pudo comprobar que entre más pasan los años mayor es la cantidad de MM. Debido al rol importante que cumple la MM debemos tener en cuenta que existe un cambio grave asociado al envejecimiento humano, que consiste en la reducción progresiva de la MM, una espiral descendente que puede provocar una disminución de la fuerza y la funcionalidad.

In the present study, the level of muscle mass (MM) was determined at university students from different races and income year, using bioimpedance method and basic (weight and height) anthropometry to determine body composition. In order to compare what year students present a further deterioration of MM. In relation to the MM; It is plays an important role in the physical development of students, whereas skeletal muscle is responsible for the posture and movements of the skeleton. To measure the level of physical activity (NAF) International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) this has been used in various international studies and assessed its validity and reliability suggesting its use in different countries and languages used. The distribution of this component among the evaluated groups showed that although there is a "moderate" level NAF level of the MM is not optimal for people in those age groups. It was found that the more years pass greater the amount of MM. Because of the important role that the MM must be aware that there is a serious change associated with human aging, which involves the progressive reduction of MM, a downward spiral that can cause a decrease in strength and functionality.

The relationship between risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the physically active elderly / A relação entre os fatores de risco para a síndrome metabólica em idosos fisicamente ativos

Aging has a significant impact on the decrease of lean body mass and physical activity level, being related to the reduction in basal metabolic rate and the increase of overweight and obesity in the elderly. The aim of this study is to identify correlations among the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) from the measurement of abdominal perimeter (AP) and body mass index (BMI) with blood parameters for fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in active elderly people. Measurements of weight and height were adopted to classify criteria by the World Health Organization (WHO) and to calculate BMI. The measurement of AP was done in centimeters. Blood parameters for FBG, TC, and TG were assessed by collecting blood from the fingertip and analyzing it using the Accutrend Plus (Roche) equipment. For data analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient between anthropometric measures (independent variables) and blood parameters (dependent variables) was calculated. Simple linear regression was applied to the significant variables (0.05%). The BMI assessment shows 71% of the elderly were overweight and 34% were obese. Over the cut-off point recommended, 57% of the sample was indicated by AP. The correlation test shows evidence regarding the existence of a significant association between FBG and AP and also between AP and TG as compared to the use of BMI. The AP measurement seems to be an efficient indication of the relationship between risk factors for MS and should be incorporated into routines to assess the elderly as an indicator of abdominal obesity.

O envelhecimento tem um impacto significativo na diminuição de massa magra e do nível de atividade física, estando relacionado à redução na taxa metabólica basal e ao aumento de sobrepeso e obesidade em idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar correlações entre os fatores de risco da síndrome metabólica (SM) e a medição do perímetro abdominal (PA) e do índice de massa corporal (IMC) com os parâmetros sanguíneos de glicemia de jejum (GJ), colesterol total (CT) e triglicerídeos (TG) em idosos ativos. Para cálculo do IMC, foram coletadas medidas de peso e altura e adotados os critérios de classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). A medida do PA foi efetuada em centímetros. Os parâmetros sanguíneos de GJ, CT e TGL foram avaliados pelo método de coleta de sangue na ponta de dedo com leitura em equipamento Accutrend Plus (Roche). Para análise dos resultados, foi realizado o cálculo do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson entre as medidas antropométricas (variáveis independentes) e parâmetros sanguíneos (variáveis dependentes). A regressão linear simples foi aplicada sobre as variáveis significativas (0.05%). A avaliação do IMC mostrou que 71% dos idosos estavam acima do peso e 34% eram obesos. No ponto de corte recomendado, 57% da amostra foram indicados por PA. O teste de correlação mostrou evidências sobre a existência de uma associação significativa entre GJ e PA e também entre PA e TG em comparação ao uso do IMC. A medição de PA parece seruma indicação eficaz da relação entre os fatores de risco para a SM e deve ser incorporada nas rotinas para avaliar idosos como um indicador de obesidade abdominal.

Nível de atividade física atual de idosas: influência do histórico de vida pregressa / Current level of physical activity of older women: influence of life history

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o histórico de vida pregressa influencia no nível de atividade física atual de idosas ativas e sedentárias.Participaram do estudo 40 mulheres idosas. Destas, 12 eram praticantes de musculação, 16 eram praticantes de hidroginástica e 12 eram sedentárias. Foi aplicada uma entrevista com questões semi- estruturadas e o Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual. Anteriormente à aplicação dos instrumentos, para averiguar as funções cognitivas das idosas, foi realizado o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a um processo de análise descritiva, média, desvio padrão e frequência. As idosas dos três grupos estudados encontram-se classificadas como “pouco ativas”. No âmbito de recreação e lazer, a realização de brincadeiras passivas e ativas foi menor entre as sedentárias na infância e adolescência e, para as praticantes de musculação, as brincadeiras passivas na adolescência foram maiores. As práticas esportivas tiveram declínio na adolescência nos três grupos, tanto no âmbito de recreação e lazer como no educacional, porém, foram mais elevadas para as idosas ativas. Os três grupos apresentaram elevados percentuais de realização de atividades domésticas, tanto na infância como na adolescência. Conclui-se que o estilo de vida pregressa das idosas que participaram deste estudo contribuiu para o desfecho do nível de atividade física atual, independente do grupo e/ou atividade que pertencem.

The objective of this study was to verify if the historical past life influences the current level of physical activity of older active and sedentary women. Participants were 40 elderly women: 12 of them practiced resistance exercises, 16 water aerobics and 12 were sedentary. An interview with semi-structured questions and the Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. The Mini Mental State Examination was used, previously, to ascertain the cognitive functions of the elderly women. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis, by mean, standard deviation and frequency. The elderly of the three groups were classifi ed as “little active”. In the context of recreation and leisure, the realization of passive and active games was lower among the sedentary elderly women during their childhood and adolescence and, for the resistance exercise group, the passive games increased in the adolescence. The three group’s sports practices decreased during adolescence, both in the context of recreation and leisure, as in the educational context, however it was higher for the active elderly women. The three groups presented high percentages of performing housework activities, both in childhood as in adolescence. It was concluded that the older women’s previous life style contributed to the outcome of the current level of physical activity, regardless of the group and / or physical activity they belonged.